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[LeetCode]Add Digits

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题目描述:

Given a non-negative integer num, repeatedly add all its digits until the result has only one digit.

For example:

Given num = 38, the process is like: 3 + 8 = 11, 1 + 1 = 2. Since 2 has only one digit, return it.

Follow up:

Could you do it without any loop/recursion in O(1) runtime?

Hint:

A naive implementation of the above process is trivial. Could you come up with other methods?

What are all the possible results?

How do they occur, periodically or randomly?

题目大意:

给定一个非负整数num,重复地将其每位数字相加,直到结果只有一位数为止。

例如:

给定 num = 38,过程像这样:3 + 8 = 11, 1 + 1 = 2。因为2只有一位,返回之。

进一步思考:

你可以不用循环,在O(1)运行时间内完成题目吗?

提示:

一个直观的解法就是模拟上述过程。你可以想到别的方法吗?

结果一共有多少种可能性?

它们是周期性出现的还是随机出现的?

解题思路:

方法I:按照题目要求使用循环模拟演算过程

Python代码:

class Solution:
    # @param {integer} num
    # @return {integer}
    def addDigits(self, num):
        while num > 9:
            c = 0
            while num:
                c += num % 10
                num /= 10
            num = c
        return num

方法II:观察法

根据提示,由于结果只有一位数,因此其可能的数字为0 - 9

使用方法I的代码循环输出0 - 19的运行结果:

in  out  in  out
0   0    10  1
1   1    11  2
2   2    12  3
3   3    13  4
4   4    14  5
5   5    15  6
6   6    16  7
7   7    17  8
8   8    18  9
9   9    19  1

可以发现输出与输入的关系为:

out = (in - 1) % 9 + 1

Python代码:

class Solution:
    # @param {integer} num
    # @return {integer}
    def addDigits(self, num):
        if num == 0:
            return 0
        return (num - 1) % 9 + 1

 


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