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[LeetCode]Counting Bits

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题目描述:

Given a non negative integer number num. For every numbers i in the range 0 ≤ i ≤ num calculate the number of 1's in their binary representation and return them as an array.

Example:

For num = 5 you should return [0,1,1,2,1,2].

Follow up:

It is very easy to come up with a solution with run time O(n*sizeof(integer)). But can you do it in linear time O(n) /possibly in a single pass?

Space complexity should be O(n).

Can you do it like a boss? Do it without using any builtin function like __builtin_popcount in c++ or in any other language.

Hint:

  1. You should make use of what you have produced already.
  2. Divide the numbers in ranges like [2-3], [4-7], [8-15] and so on. And try to generate new range from previous.
  3. Or does the odd/even status of the number help you in calculating the number of 1s?

题目大意:

给定一个非负整数num。对于每一个满足0 ≤ i ≤ num的数字i,计算其数字的二进制表示中1的个数,并以数组形式返回。

测试用例如题目描述。

进一步思考:

很容易想到运行时间 O(n*sizeof(integer)) 的解法。但你可以用线性时间O(n)的一趟算法完成吗?

空间复杂度应当为O(n)。

你可以像老板那样吗?不要使用任何内建函数(比如C++的__builtin_popcount)。

提示:

你应当利用已经生成的结果。

将数字拆分为诸如 [2-3], [4-7], [8-15] 之类的范围。并且尝试根据已经生成的范围产生新的范围。

数字的奇偶性可以帮助你计算1的个数吗?

解题思路:

解法I 利用移位运算:

递推式:ans[n] = ans[n >> 1] + (n & 1)

Python代码:

class Solution(object):
    def countBits(self, num):
        """
        :type num: int
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        ans = [0]
        for x in range(1, num + 1):
            ans += ans[x >> 1] + (x & 1),
        return ans

解法II 利用highbits运算:

递推式:ans[n] = ans[n - highbits(n)] + 1

其中highbits(n)表示只保留n的最高位得到的数字。

highbits(n) = 1<<int(math.log(x,2))

例如:

highbits(7) = 4   (7的二进制形式为111)

highbits(10) = 8 (10的二进制形式为1010)

Python代码:

class Solution(object):
    def countBits(self, num):
        """
        :type num: int
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        ans = [0]
        for x in range(1, num + 1):
            ans += ans[x - (1<<int(math.log(x,2)))] + 1,
        return ans

 


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